The Basics
The only section of this web site which will not become hopelessly outdated

      Photography deals with light, and in some cases, with color. It makes no difference if you are putting an image on a piece of film, or a computer hard drive. Everything in this section applies equally well to film or digital photography. 

exposure, focus, composition
The science

The art The raw materials types of cameras
ratio
the color wheel
 
 Exposure Value Table

F 1.0
F 1.4
F 2.0
F 2.8
F 4.0
F 5.6
F 8.0
F 11
F 16
F 22
F 32
F 44
15 sec












8 sec












4 sec












2 sec












1 sec
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1/2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1/4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1/8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1/15
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1/30
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1/60
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1/125
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1/250
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1/500
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1/1000
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1/2000
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
1/4000
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1/8000
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1/15000
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26